Understanding the Many Layers of Recurrent pregnancy loss:

Recurrent pregnancy loss is rarely caused by one single issue. In many cases, multiple small factors combine to make conception and implantation more difficult. These causes can include:

Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol, and obesity are all associated with higher miscarriage rates.

Hormonal or metabolic conditions: Thyroid dysfunction or insulin resistance can quietly disrupt early pregnancy.

Genetic abnormalities: Either partner may carry chromosomal rearrangements that lead to abnormal embryos.

Uterine abnormalities: Structural issues such as a uterine septum or fibroids can interfere with implantation.

Blood clotting disorders: Conditions like thrombophilia can affect placental function.

Immune system involvement: Though still debated, natural killer (NK) cell activity and other immune responses are being explored as potential factors.